![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
![[identity profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/openid.png){kind=small}
A while back, on a community I follow, someone asked a Princess-Bride-style question about ingesting small amounts of poison in order to develop an immunity.
Here's [LJ-CUT TEXT="the answer I would have posted if I'd had my brain handy at the time."]
Oddly, I do believe there is some merit to this idea. Not a lot, as you probably expected, but some. There are many toxins whose presence in your system is basically counteracted by your liver. Alcohol is a good example. (Granted, it's mild as toxins go.) The liver filters out alcohol, along with a variety of other substances, from your bloodstream.
A liver that is exposed to a lot of alcohol makes more filtration capability. I'm sure you've heard people mention alcohol "tolerance". The biological basis for this is that the cells in your liver will gradually build more endoplasmic reticulum (the filter). If over a span of months you stop drinking like a fish, new cells that have divided since then won't have that level of filtration capability, and your "tolerance" will decrease again.
This leaves four questions:
1) Which toxins fall into this magical category -- liver filtration power increases with exposure -- and which do not? I don't know the answer to this.
2) While you're working to get your liver to build up its filtration capability, what other damage is done to your system by ingestion of small and gradually increasing amounts of a particular toxin? For some substances, the damage will undoubtedly be far worse than it's worth to build a superliver.
3) If two toxins are in this magical category, is one just as good as the other at building tolerance (filtration capability) for both? That is, instead of eating each poison in turn, can you just drink a lot of beer? Based on my EXTREMELY rudimentary understanding of the system, my guess is you just need to drink a lot of beer. (A LOT of beer. Like, destroy-your-life levels here.)
4) What are the disadvantages of having a superliver? For example, some long-term alcoholics cannot be anesthetized for surgery. I wish I were making this up. I don't know whether local works, but sedation and general don't. Their bodies filter that stuff right out, thankyouverymuch, and they're awake when the doctor starts cutting. Most of the folk in this community are probably young and healthy, but we won't be young forever, and the horror of this is something I'm not sure I want to contemplate. This will of course also apply to many (though I don't know specifically which) medicines a person might be prescribed, making those much less effective as well. Another disadvantage is early-onset liver disease. There are likely also disadvantages I'm unaware of.[/LJ-CUT]
Any biogeeks are totally welcome to chime in here and tell me what I've left out and what I've got wrong. :-) (The general anesthesia bit above is anecdotal, but at least it's from my biology professor, who I presume has clue. Her dad went through exactly that.)
Here's [LJ-CUT TEXT="the answer I would have posted if I'd had my brain handy at the time."]
Oddly, I do believe there is some merit to this idea. Not a lot, as you probably expected, but some. There are many toxins whose presence in your system is basically counteracted by your liver. Alcohol is a good example. (Granted, it's mild as toxins go.) The liver filters out alcohol, along with a variety of other substances, from your bloodstream.
A liver that is exposed to a lot of alcohol makes more filtration capability. I'm sure you've heard people mention alcohol "tolerance". The biological basis for this is that the cells in your liver will gradually build more endoplasmic reticulum (the filter). If over a span of months you stop drinking like a fish, new cells that have divided since then won't have that level of filtration capability, and your "tolerance" will decrease again.
This leaves four questions:
1) Which toxins fall into this magical category -- liver filtration power increases with exposure -- and which do not? I don't know the answer to this.
2) While you're working to get your liver to build up its filtration capability, what other damage is done to your system by ingestion of small and gradually increasing amounts of a particular toxin? For some substances, the damage will undoubtedly be far worse than it's worth to build a superliver.
3) If two toxins are in this magical category, is one just as good as the other at building tolerance (filtration capability) for both? That is, instead of eating each poison in turn, can you just drink a lot of beer? Based on my EXTREMELY rudimentary understanding of the system, my guess is you just need to drink a lot of beer. (A LOT of beer. Like, destroy-your-life levels here.)
4) What are the disadvantages of having a superliver? For example, some long-term alcoholics cannot be anesthetized for surgery. I wish I were making this up. I don't know whether local works, but sedation and general don't. Their bodies filter that stuff right out, thankyouverymuch, and they're awake when the doctor starts cutting. Most of the folk in this community are probably young and healthy, but we won't be young forever, and the horror of this is something I'm not sure I want to contemplate. This will of course also apply to many (though I don't know specifically which) medicines a person might be prescribed, making those much less effective as well. Another disadvantage is early-onset liver disease. There are likely also disadvantages I'm unaware of.[/LJ-CUT]
Any biogeeks are totally welcome to chime in here and tell me what I've left out and what I've got wrong. :-) (The general anesthesia bit above is anecdotal, but at least it's from my biology professor, who I presume has clue. Her dad went through exactly that.)
no subject
Tolerance isnt just filtration. That's one part certainly.
Several drugs are broken down by specific enzymes and therefore your tolerance for the drug will depend on whether you make the enzyme and how much. The canonic example is codeine.
Codeine doesnt do anything on its own. Your liver makes an enzyme that turns codeine into morphine, and this is what has an effect.
So, if you are one of the 6% of caucasions that do not have the gene for that enzyme, codeine will do nothing for you. Oops.
If you are one of (I dont know the percentage) who OVERexpress the enzyme, you will convert the codeine into morphine very fast--giving you a higher dose for shorter duration.
It's possible that exposure to certain toxins will create a positive feedback system where you overexpress the enzymes to degrade them. This probably depends on the specific mechanisms of the toxin.
Also, toxins that bind permanently and build up are probably not ones you want to try to build immunities to...
no subject
oooOOOooo! That explains so much!